This method has increased in popularity, overtaking traditional surface cleaning methods due to its capacity to be seamlessly integrated into existing in-line processes without adding time or extra ...

The oxygen radicals produced in the plasma generate CO, CO 2, and H 2 O by reacting with carbon compounds, and these generated byproducts are eliminated from the instrument. As per quantum chemistry ...

Compact electron probes with large beam currents are required to achieve such precision. Routine production at the nanoscale requires immaculate and regulated surfaces to get the appropriate ...

Plasma, the fourth state of matter, is created by applying electrical energy to a gas, causing ion formation. When an energy source, such as electrical energy or radio waves, transfers energy to gas ...