Modulation is the act of translating some low-frequency or baseband signal (voice, music, and data) to a higher frequency. Why do we modulate signals? There are at least two reasons: to allow the ...

Bacteria employ complex signaling networks for adaptive gene control in changing environments. Bacterial second messenger molecules such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) relay external environmental signals into ...

For high-speed and large-capacity optical communication applications and improvement of accuracy in microwave generation and evaluation equipment Results: NTT and their partners have developed a ...

Oscilloscope measurement parameters provide accurate measurements of acquired waveforms. Most digital oscilloscopes offer around twenty-five standard parameters like frequency, peak-to-peak amplitude, ...