Scientific progress is not usually straightforward. Researchers pursue and abandon lines of inquiry. Results languish. Theories take decades to cohere. But sometimes the accumulation of scientific ...

The Navier-Stokes equations capture in a few succinct terms one of the most ubiquitous features of the physical world: the flow of fluids. The equations, which date to the 1820s, are today used to ...

In some form or another, they have been invoked to study how bacteria swim and how airplanes fly. The equations have been found to be able to handle fluid flow at the molecular level with as much ...

The Navier-Stokes equations represent a cornerstone of fluid dynamics, providing a mathematical framework to describe the motion of viscous fluids. These nonlinear partial differential equations ...

Tests of a proposed friction-factor equation have shown it to be accurate for calculating pressure loss in turbulent flow for a pipeline transporting a non-Newtonian fluid, such as most crude oils and ...

For centuries, mathematicians have sought to understand and model the motion of fluids. The equations that describe how ripples crease the surface of a pond have also helped researchers to predict the ...

Chezy and Manning developed equations that are used to determine the average volumetric flowrate in open channels. This article explains a laboratory method that was developed and tested to further ...

Stochastic fluid dynamics extends classical fluid mechanics by incorporating randomness and uncertainty directly into the governing equations. This approach utilises stochastic differential equations ...

Editor’s note: The Basics department this month is an excerpt from the ISA book Flow of Industrial Fluids – Theory and Equations by Raymond Mulley. Some material in this section may seem self-evident ...

A 115-year effort to bridge the particle and fluid descriptions of nature has led mathematicians to an unexpected answer. In 1900, the great mathematician David Hilbert presented a list of 23 unsolved ...