Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

Logic elements “Exclusive OR” are widely used in a variety of digital devices. However, in some cases, for example, when using increased operating voltages, the use of standard chips is impossible.

Op amps excel at providing many useful and clever solutions to routine or complicated circuit functions. A summing circuit is a perfect example. A summing circuit is typically used in applications ...

Abstract: What can be simpler than designing with CMOS and BiCMOS? These technologies are very easy to use but they still require careful design. This tutorial discusses the odd case of circuits that ...