Identify the independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables in a scientific investigation. Draw conclusions about the relationship between two variables using quantitative data.

In this presentation, we will present a novel way of concentrating samples and performing buffer exchange using the µPULSE —TFF System. The instrument is a fully automated walk-away system that uses ...

This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

Strong base is added to three different buffers and water and the effect on pH is observed.